DBMS > EXASOL vs. Google BigQuery vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RisingWave vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison EXASOL vs. Google BigQuery vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RisingWave vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

High-performance, in-memory, MPP database specifically designed for in-memory analytics.

Large scale data warehouse service with append-only tables

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

A distributed RDBMS for stream processing, wire-compatible with PostgreSQL

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.99
Rank	#124	Overall
	#58	Relational DBMS

Score	60.38
Rank	#19	Overall
	#13	Relational DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.58
Rank	#242	Overall
	#111	Relational DBMS

Score	0.11
Rank	#343	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

www.exasol.com

cloud.google.com/bigquery

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.risingwave.com/database

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

www.exasol.com/resources

cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.risingwave.com/docs/current/intro

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Exasol

Google

Microsoft

RisingWave Labs

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2000

2010

1989

2022

2019

Current release

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

1.2, September 2023

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Rust

Clojure

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
Windows

Docker
Linux
macOS

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Standard SQL-types and JSON

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

.Net
JDBC
ODBC
WebSocket

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

Java
Lua
Python
R

.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in JavaScript

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

UDFs in Python or Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Since BigQuery is designed for querying data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standard

Access privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level

Google Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users and Roles

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