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DBMS > EXASOL vs. Google BigQuery vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Oracle vs. SAP HANA

System Properties Comparison EXASOL vs. Google BigQuery vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Oracle vs. SAP HANA

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameEXASOL  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle BigQuery  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonSAP HANA  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionHigh-performance, in-memory, MPP database specifically designed for in-memory analytics.Large scale data warehouse service with append-only tablesFully managed big data interactive analytics platformWidely used RDBMSIn-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud service
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.99
Rank#124  Overall
#58  Relational DBMS
Score60.38
Rank#19  Overall
#13  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score1236.29
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score44.69
Rank#22  Overall
#16  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.exasol.comcloud.google.com/­bigqueryazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.oracle.com/­databasewww.sap.com/­products/­hana.html
Technical documentationwww.exasol.com/­resourcescloud.google.com/­bigquery/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasehelp.sap.com/­hana
DeveloperExasolGoogleMicrosoftOracleSAP
Initial release20002010201919802010
Current releasecloud service with continuous releases23c, September 20232.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesnono infoalso available as a cloud based service
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC and C++
Server operating systemshostedhostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Appliance or cloud-service
Data schemeyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyesno
Secondary indexesyesnoall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes
APIs and other access methods.Net
JDBC
ODBC
WebSocket
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesJava
Lua
Python
R
.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsuser defined functions infoin JavaScriptYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possibleSQLScript, R
Triggersyesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding, horizontal partitioningyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoHadoop integrationnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno infocan be realized in PL/SQLno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoSince BigQuery is designed for querying datanoACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnonoyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'yes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardAccess privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level infoGoogle Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)Azure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes

More information provided by the system vendor

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More resources
EXASOLGoogle BigQueryMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerOracleSAP HANA
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