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DBMS > DuckDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. SQLite vs. Trafodion vs. UniData,UniVerse

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. SQLite vs. Trafodion vs. UniData,UniVerse

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparisonTrafodion  Xexclude from comparisonUniData,UniVerse  Xexclude from comparison
Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMSTransactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMSMultiValue database and application server with SQL mapping layer and meta database capabilities
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSRelational DBMSMultivalue DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score111.41
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Score2.85
Rank#98  Overall
#1  Multivalue DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgwww.postgresql.orgwww.sqlite.orgtrafodion.apache.orgwww.rocketsoftware.com/­products/­rocket-multivalue-application-development-platform/­rocket-unidata
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docswww.sqlite.org/­docs.htmltrafodion.apache.org/­documentation.htmldocs.rocketsoftware.com/­bundle?cluster=true&labelkey=unidata&labelkey=prod_unidata
DeveloperPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerDwayne Richard HippApache Software Foundation, originally developed by HPRocket Software
Initial release20181989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL200020141985
Current release1.0.0, June 202416.3, May 20243.46.0  (23 May 2024), May 20242.3.0, February 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoPublic DomainOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CCC++, JavaC
Server operating systemsserver-lessFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
server-lessLinuxAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyes infodynamic column typesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.yesoptional
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supportedyesyes
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Java API infoJPA
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API
SOAP-based API
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net.Net
Basic infoU2 Basic
C
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noJava Stored Proceduresyes
Triggersnoyesyesnoyes infoU2 Basic
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnoneShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnoneyes, via HBaseSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes infovia user defined functions and HBaseno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID infoconfigurable
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes infovia file-system locksyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights according to SQL-standard and operating system based

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