DBMS > DuckDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Teradata vs. TerminusDB

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Teradata vs. TerminusDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

A hybrid cloud data analytics software platform (Teradata Vantage)

Scalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Document store
RDF store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.63
Rank	#69	Overall
	#37	Relational DBMS

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	44.87
Rank	#22	Overall
	#15	Relational DBMS

Score	0.23
Rank	#316	Overall
	#27	Graph DBMS

Website

duckdb.org

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.teradata.com

terminusdb.com

Technical documentation

duckdb.org/docs

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.teradata.com

terminusdb.github.io/terminusdb/#

Developer

Microsoft

Teradata

DataChemist Ltd.

Initial release

2018

1989

1984

2018

Current release

1.0.0, June 2024

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

Teradata Vantage 1.0 MU2, January 2019

11.0.0, January 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Open Source

GPL V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

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Implementation language

C++

Prolog, Rust

Server operating systems

server-less

Linux
Windows

hosted
Linux

Linux

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

Join-index to prejoin tables, aggregate index, sparse index, hash index

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL 2016 + extensions

SQL-like query language (WOQL)

APIs and other access methods

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

.NET Client API
HTTP REST
JDBC
JMS Adapter
ODBC
OLE DB

OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)

Supported programming languages

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C
C++
Cobol
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
Perl
PL/1
Python
R
Ruby

JavaScript
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

yes

UDFs, stored procedures, table functions in parallel

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

Hashing

Graph Partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Journaling Streams

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory journaling

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

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