DBMS > DuckDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RisingWave vs. VoltDB

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RisingWave vs. VoltDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

A distributed RDBMS for stream processing, wire-compatible with PostgreSQL

Distributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS

Used for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.63
Rank	#69	Overall
	#37	Relational DBMS

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.64
Rank	#238	Overall
	#110	Relational DBMS

Score	1.47
Rank	#157	Overall
	#73	Relational DBMS

Website

duckdb.org

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.risingwave.com/database

www.voltdb.com

Technical documentation

duckdb.org/docs

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.risingwave.com/docs/current/intro

docs.voltdb.com

Developer

Microsoft

RisingWave Labs

VoltDB Inc.

Initial release

2018

1989

2022

2010

Current release

1.0.0, June 2024

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

1.2, September 2023

11.3, April 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

AGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Rust

Java, C++

Server operating systems

server-less

Linux
Windows

Docker
Linux
macOS

Linux
OS X

for development

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Standard SQL-types and JSON

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

only a subset of SQL 99

APIs and other access methods

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol

Java API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C#
C++
Erlang

not officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

UDFs in Python or Java

Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

FOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Transactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Data access is serialized by the server

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Snapshots and command logging

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users and Roles

Users and roles with access to stored procedures

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