DBMS > DuckDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Postgres-XL vs. RDFox

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Postgres-XL vs. RDFox

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Based on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster features

High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	5.61
Rank	#60	Overall
	#34	Relational DBMS

Score	807.76
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.43
Rank	#260	Overall
	#119	Relational DBMS

Score	0.22
Rank	#305	Overall
	#25	Graph DBMS
	#15	RDF stores

Website

duckdb.org

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.postgres-xl.org

www.oxfordsemantic.tech

Technical documentation

duckdb.org/docs

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

www.postgres-xl.org/documentation

docs.oxfordsemantic.tech

Developer

Microsoft

Oxford Semantic Technologies

Initial release

2018

1989

2014

since 2012, originally named StormDB

2017

Current release

1.0.0, June 2024

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

10 R1, October 2018

6.0, Septermber 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Mozilla public license

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

server-less

Linux
Windows

Linux
macOS

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

RDF schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

XML type, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

distributed, parallel query execution

APIs and other access methods

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1

Supported programming languages

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

C
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

replication via a shared file system

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

MVCC

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Roles, resources, and access types

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