DBMS > DuckDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. MySQL vs. Qdrant

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. MySQL vs. Qdrant

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Widely used open source RDBMS

A high-performance vector database with neural network or semantic-based matching

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key/Value like access via memcached API

Vector DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	5.61
Rank	#60	Overall
	#34	Relational DBMS

Score	807.76
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	1029.49
Rank	#2	Overall
	#2	Relational DBMS

Score	1.53
Rank	#145	Overall
	#7	Vector DBMS

Website

duckdb.org

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.mysql.com

github.com/qdrant/qdrant
qdrant.tech

Technical documentation

duckdb.org/docs

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

dev.mysql.com/doc

qdrant.tech/documentation

Developer

Microsoft

Oracle

since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then Sun

Qdrant

Initial release

2018

1989

1995

2021

Current release

1.0.0, June 2024

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

9.0.0, July 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

C and C++

Rust

Server operating systems

server-less

Linux
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Docker
Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Numbers, Strings, Geo, Boolean

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

Keywords, numberic ranges, geo, full-text

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

with proprietary extensions

APIs and other access methods

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

gRPC
OpenAPI 3.0
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

OpenAPI 3.0

Supported programming languages

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

yes

proprietary syntax

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

horizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabric

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Collection-level replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency, tunable consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

table locks or row locks depending on storage engine

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

Key-based authentication

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