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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RisingWave vs. Transbase

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RisingWave vs. Transbase

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonRisingWave  Xexclude from comparisonTransbase  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSA distributed RDBMS for stream processing, wire-compatible with PostgreSQLA resource-optimized, high-performance, universally applicable RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score0.58
Rank#242  Overall
#111  Relational DBMS
Score0.11
Rank#341  Overall
#150  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.risingwave.com/­databasewww.transaction.de/­en/­products/­transbase.html
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticslearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocs.risingwave.com/­docs/­current/­introwww.transaction.de/­en/­products/­transbase/­features.html
DeveloperMicrosoftMicrosoftRisingWave LabsTransaction Software GmbH
Initial release20182016198920221987
Current release0.10, February 2024SQL Server 2022, November 20221.2, September 2023Transbase 8.3, 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial infofree development license
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++C++RustC and C++
Server operating systemsserver-lesshostedLinux
Windows
Docker
Linux
macOS
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesStandard SQL-types and JSONyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesyesyesyes
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C#
Java
PHP
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Kotlin
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQLTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) JavaUDFs in Python or Javayes
Triggersnonoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding, horizontal partitioningtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyesyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDnoyes
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnoyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers and Rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
DuckDBMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseMicrosoft SQL ServerRisingWaveTransbase
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