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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Spark SQL vs. TinkerGraph vs. Valentina Server

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Spark SQL vs. TinkerGraph vs. Valentina Server

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonTinkerGraph  Xexclude from comparisonValentina Server  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingA lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 APIObject-relational database and reports server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#348  Overall
#35  Graph DBMS
Score0.17
Rank#327  Overall
#145  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasespark.apache.org/­sqltinkerpop.apache.org/­docs/­current/­reference/­#tinkergraph-gremlinwww.valentina-db.net
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmlvalentina-db.com/­docs/­dokuwiki/­v5/­doku.php
DeveloperMicrosoftApache Software FoundationParadigma Software
Initial release20182010201420091999
Current release0.10, February 2024V123.5.0 ( 2.13), September 20235.7.5
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++ScalaJava
Server operating systemsserver-lesshostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesnonoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoyes
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
TinkerPop 3ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
Python
R
Scala
Groovy
Java
.Net
C
C#
C++
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby
Visual Basic
Visual Basic.NET
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQLnonoyes
Triggersnoyesnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyes, utilizing Spark Corenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyes, with always 3 replicas availablenonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistencynone
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyes infoRelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesno
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesoptionalyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnonofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
DuckDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureSpark SQLTinkerGraphValentina Server
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