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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Quasardb vs. RDF4J vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Quasardb vs. RDF4J vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonQuasardb  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerDistributed, high-performance timeseries databaseRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRDF storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score0.14
Rank#332  Overall
#29  Time Series DBMS
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasequasar.airdf4j.orgspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldoc.quasar.ai/­masterrdf4j.org/­documentationspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperMicrosoftquasardbSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.Apache Software Foundation
Initial release20182010200920042014
Current release0.10, February 2024V123.14.1, January 20243.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercialcommercial infoFree community edition, Non-profit organizations and non-commercial usage are eligible for free licensesOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++C++JavaScala
Server operating systemsserver-lesshostedBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyes infoRDF Schemasyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infointeger and binaryyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infowith tagsyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesSQL-like query languagenoSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
HTTP APIJava API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Java
PHP
Python
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQLnoyesno
Triggersnoyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoconsistent hashingnoneyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyes, with always 3 replicas availableSource-replica replication with selectable replication factornonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonowith Hadoop integrationno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoby using LevelDByes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes infoTransient modeno
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardCryptographically strong user authentication and audit trailnono

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More resources
DuckDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureQuasardbRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameSpark SQL
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