DBMS > DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Spark SQL vs. VictoriaMetrics

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Spark SQL vs. VictoriaMetrics

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

A fast, cost-effective and scalable Time Series DBMS and monitoring solution

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.57
Rank	#74	Overall
	#40	Relational DBMS

Score	77.99
Rank	#16	Overall
	#11	Relational DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	18.96
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Score	1.32
Rank	#162	Overall
	#14	Time Series DBMS

Website

duckdb.org

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

spark.apache.org/sql

victoriametrics.com

Technical documentation

duckdb.org/docs

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

docs.victoriametrics.com
github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/wiki

Developer

Microsoft

Apache Software Foundation

VictoriaMetrics

Initial release

2018

2010

1989

2014

2018

Current release

0.10, February 2024

V12

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

v1.91, May 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Scala

Server operating systems

server-less

hosted

Linux
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
OpenBSD

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

JDBC
ODBC

Graphite protocol
InfluxDB Line Protocol
OpenTSDB
Prometheus Query API
Prometheus Remote Read/Write

Supported programming languages

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Java
Python
R
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Transact SQL

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

yes, utilizing Spark Core

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes, with always 3 replicas available

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

none

Synchronous replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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