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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SAP SQL Anywhere

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SAP SQL Anywhere

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonSAP SQL Anywhere infoformerly called Adaptive Server Anywhere  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSRDBMS database and synchronization technologies for server, desktop, remote office, and mobile environments
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score27.71
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score3.95
Rank#80  Overall
#42  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.sap.com/­products/­technology-platform/­sql-anywhere.html
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docslearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dblearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverhelp.sap.com/­docs/­SAP_SQL_Anywhere
DeveloperMicrosoftMicrosoftSAP infoformerly Sybase
Initial release2018201419891992
Current release1.0.0, June 2024SQL Server 2022, November 202217, July 2015
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++
Server operating systemsserver-lesshostedLinux
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infoJSON typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like query languageyesyes
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJavaScriptTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javayes, in C/C++, Java, .Net or Perl
TriggersnoJavaScriptyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replication infoDatabase mirroring
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*nono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
DuckDBMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBMicrosoft SQL ServerSAP SQL Anywhere infoformerly called Adaptive Server Anywhere
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