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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. RDF4J vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. RDF4J vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRDF storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score0.29
Rank#293  Overall
#133  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orggoogle.github.io/­lovefieldazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databaserdf4j.orgspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mddocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlrdf4j.org/­documentationspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.Apache Software Foundation
Initial release20182014201020042014
Current release0.10, February 20242.1.12, February 2017V123.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaScriptC++JavaScala
Server operating systemsserver-lessserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafarihostedLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyes infoRDF Schemasyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternyesnoSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
JavaScript.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
PHP
Python
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoTransact SQLyesno
TriggersnoUsing read-only observersyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenoneyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnonenoneyes, with always 3 replicas availablenonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes infousing MemoryDBno
User concepts infoAccess controlnonofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnono

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More resources
DuckDBLovefieldMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameSpark SQL
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