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DBMS > DuckDB vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RavenDB

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RavenDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonRavenDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSOpen Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document Database
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score2.25
Rank#115  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#101  Overall
#18  Document stores
Websiteduckdb.orggithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverravendb.net
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverravendb.net/­docs
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftHibernating Rhinos
Initial release2018201119892010
Current release1.0.0, June 20241.23, February 2021SQL Server 2022, November 20225.4, July 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoBSDcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoAGPL version 3, commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++C++C#
Server operating systemsserver-lessIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoyesSQL-like query language (RQL)
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javayes
Triggersnonoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnonenoneyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionMulti-source replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyDefault ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACID, Cluster-wide transaction available
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnonofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAuthorization levels configured per client per database

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