DBMS > DuckDB vs. LeanXcale vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. mSQL vs. Oracle Rdb

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. LeanXcale vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. mSQL vs. Oracle Rdb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

A highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilities

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

mSQL (Mini SQL) is a simple and lightweight RDBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.63
Rank	#69	Overall
	#37	Relational DBMS

Score	0.36
Rank	#280	Overall
	#40	Key-value stores
	#129	Relational DBMS

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	1.27
Rank	#169	Overall
	#76	Relational DBMS

Score	1.14
Rank	#178	Overall
	#80	Relational DBMS

Website

duckdb.org

www.leanxcale.com

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

hughestech.com.au/products/msql

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/rdb.html

Technical documentation

duckdb.org/docs

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/rdb-doc.html

Developer

LeanXcale

Microsoft

Hughes Technologies

Oracle, originally developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)

Initial release

2018

2015

1989

1994

1984

Current release

0.10, February 2024

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

4.4, October 2021

7.4.1.1, 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

free licenses can be provided

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

server-less

Linux
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows

HP Open VMS

Data scheme

yes

Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

through Apache Derby

yes

A subset of ANSI SQL is implemented

no subqueries, aggregate functions, views, foreign keys, triggers

yes

APIs and other access methods

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

C
Java
Scala

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C
C++
Delphi
Java
Perl
PHP
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes, on a single node

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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