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DBMS > DuckDB vs. LMDB vs. MaxDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. LMDB vs. MaxDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-D  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSA high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryA robust and reliable RDBMS optimized to run all major SAP solutionsMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score2.09
Rank#121  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
Score2.26
Rank#114  Overall
#55  Relational DBMS
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score0.74
Rank#222  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websiteduckdb.orgwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbmaxdb.sap.comwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverrdf4j.org
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docswww.lmdb.tech/­docmaxdb.sap.com/­documentationlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverrdf4j.org/­documentation
DeveloperSymasSAP, acquired from Software AG (Adabas-D) in 1997MicrosoftSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.
Initial release20182011198419892004
Current release1.0.0, June 20240.9.32, January 20247.9.10.12, February 2024SQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Sourcecommercial infoLimited community edition freecommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageC++CC++C++Java
Server operating systemsserver-lessLinux
Unix
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Linux
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesyes infoRDF Schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoyesyesno
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
WebDAV
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
.Net
C#
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyesTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javayes
Triggersnonoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenonetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnonenoneSource-replica replicationyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Editionnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API used
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as well
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnonofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
DuckDBLMDBMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-DMicrosoft SQL ServerRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
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