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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. RDF4J vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. RDF4J vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonKdb  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSHigh performance Time Series DBMSDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMSRDF storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score7.55
Rank#53  Overall
#3  Time Series DBMS
#1  Vector DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgkx.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databaserdf4j.orgspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docscode.kx.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlrdf4j.org/­documentationspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperKx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plcMicrosoftSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.Apache Software Foundation
Initial release20182000 infokdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 2003201020042014
Current release0.10, February 20243.6, May 2018V123.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercial infofree 32-bit versioncommercialOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++qC++JavaScala
Server operating systemsserver-lessLinux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyes infoRDF Schemasyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesno
Secondary indexesyesyes infotable attribute 'grouped'yesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like query language (q)yesnoSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
PHP
Python
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functionsTransact SQLyesno
Triggersnoyes infowith viewsyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioningnoneyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneSource-replica replicationyes, with always 3 replicas availablenonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnono infosimilar paradigm used for internal processingnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnorights management via user accountsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnono
More information provided by the system vendor
DuckDBKdbMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameSpark SQL
Specific characteristicsIntegrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
» more
Competitive advantagesprovides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
» more
Typical application scenariostick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
» more
Key customersGoldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
» more
Market metricskdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsupon request
» more

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More resources
DuckDBKdbMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameSpark SQL
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