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DBMS > DuckDB vs. IBM Cloudant vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. RDFox vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. IBM Cloudant vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. RDFox vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Cloudant  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonRDFox  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSDatabase as a Service offering based on Apache CouchDBDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerHigh performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engineSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score2.68
Rank#106  Overall
#20  Document stores
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score0.23
Rank#308  Overall
#25  Graph DBMS
#14  RDF stores
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgwww.ibm.com/­products/­cloudantazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.oxfordsemantic.techspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docscloud.ibm.com/­docs/­Cloudantdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.oxfordsemantic.techspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperIBM, Apache Software Foundation infoIBM acquired Cloudant in February 2014MicrosoftOxford Semantic TechnologiesApache Software Foundation
Initial release20182010201020172014
Current release0.10, February 2024V126.0, Septermber 20223.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++ErlangC++C++Scala
Server operating systemsserver-lesshostedhostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyes infoRDF schemasyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoyesnoSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C#
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
Java
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoView functions (Map-Reduce) in JavaScriptTransact SQLno
Triggersnoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes, with always 3 replicas availablereplication via a shared file systemnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoatomic operations within a document possibleACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes infoOptimistic lockingyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users can be defined per databasefine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRoles, resources, and access typesno

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More resources
DuckDBIBM CloudantMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureRDFoxSpark SQL
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