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DBMS > DuckDB vs. IBM Cloudant vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. IBM Cloudant vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft SQL Server

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Cloudant  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSDatabase as a Service offering based on Apache CouchDBGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceMicrosofts flagship relational DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score2.75
Rank#104  Overall
#19  Document stores
Score27.71
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgwww.ibm.com/­products/­cloudantazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-server
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docscloud.ibm.com/­docs/­Cloudantlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dblearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-server
DeveloperIBM, Apache Software Foundation infoIBM acquired Cloudant in February 2014MicrosoftMicrosoft
Initial release2018201020141989
Current release1.0.0, June 2024SQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercialcommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++ErlangC++
Server operating systemsserver-lesshostedhostedLinux
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyes infoJSON typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoSQL-like query languageyes
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIDocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C#
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoView functions (Map-Reduce) in JavaScriptJavaScriptTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java
TriggersnoyesJavaScriptyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyeswith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*no
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoatomic operations within a document possibleMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes infoOptimistic lockingyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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