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DBMS > DuckDB vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Spark SQL vs. VictoriaMetrics

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Spark SQL vs. VictoriaMetrics

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonVictoriaMetrics  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingA fast, cost-effective and scalable Time Series DBMS and monitoring solution
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score1.32
Rank#162  Overall
#14  Time Series DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orghsqldb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasespark.apache.org/­sqlvictoriametrics.com
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docshsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmldocs.victoriametrics.com
github.com/­VictoriaMetrics/­VictoriaMetrics/­wiki
DeveloperMicrosoftApache Software FoundationVictoriaMetrics
Initial release20182001201020142018
Current release0.10, February 20242.7.2, June 2023V123.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023v1.91, May 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infobased on BSD licensecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaC++ScalaGo
Server operating systemsserver-lessAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modeshostedLinux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
OpenBSD
Data schemeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesyesSQL-like DML and DDL statementsno
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Graphite protocol
InfluxDB Line Protocol
OpenTSDB
Prometheus Query API
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava, SQLTransact SQLnono
Triggersnoyesyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnonenoneyes, with always 3 replicas availablenoneSynchronous replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
DuckDBHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureSpark SQLVictoriaMetrics
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