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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Heroic vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostGIS

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Heroic vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostGIS

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonHeroic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonPostGIS  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSTime Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearchFully managed big data interactive analytics platformSpatial extension of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedSpatial DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score0.51
Rank#255  Overall
#21  Time Series DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score22.69
Rank#29  Overall
#1  Spatial DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orggithub.com/­spotify/­heroicazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerpostgis.net
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsspotify.github.io/­heroicdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerpostgis.net/­documentation
DeveloperSpotifyMicrosoft
Initial release2018201420192005
Current release0.10, February 2024cloud service with continuous releases3.4.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoGPL v2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaC
Server operating systemsserver-lesshosted
Data schemeyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyes infovia Elasticsearchall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
HQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functions
Triggersnonoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes infobased on PostgreSQL
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes infobased on PostgreSQL
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnonono
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAzure Active Directory Authenticationyes infobased on PostgreSQL

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More resources
DuckDBHeroicMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerPostGIS
DB-Engines blog posts

Spatial database management systems
6 April 2021, Matthias Gelbmann

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