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DBMS > DuckDB vs. HarperDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. RDF4J vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. HarperDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. RDF4J vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonHarperDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSUltra-low latency distributed database with an intuitive REST API supporting NoSQL and SQL (including joins). Deployment of functions and databases simultaneously with a consolidated node-level architecture.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSRDF storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score0.55
Rank#248  Overall
#38  Document stores
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgwww.harperdb.ioazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databaserdf4j.orgspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsdocs.harperdb.io/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlrdf4j.org/­documentationspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperHarperDBMicrosoftSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.Apache Software Foundation
Initial release20182017201020042014
Current release0.10, February 20243.1, August 2021V123.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercial infofree community edition availablecommercialOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++Node.jsC++JavaScala
Server operating systemsserver-lessLinux
OS X
hostedLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesdynamic schemayesyes infoRDF Schemasyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infoJSON data typesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like data manipulation statementsyesnoSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
PHP
Python
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoCustom Functions infosince release 3.1Transact SQLyesno
Triggersnonoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneA table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a clusternoneyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyes infothe nodes on which a table resides can be definedyes, with always 3 replicas availablenonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDAtomic execution of specific operationsACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes, using LMDByesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnono

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More resources
DuckDBHarperDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameSpark SQL
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