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DBMS > DuckDB vs. H2 vs. NSDb vs. PostgreSQL vs. PouchDB

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. H2 vs. NSDb vs. PostgreSQL vs. PouchDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonNSDb  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonPouchDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Scalable, High-performance Time Series DBMS designed for Real-time Analytics on top of KubernetesWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLJavaScript DBMS with an API inspired by CouchDB
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score5.61
Rank#60  Overall
#34  Relational DBMS
Score7.57
Rank#47  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#385  Overall
#40  Time Series DBMS
Score644.36
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score2.18
Rank#114  Overall
#21  Document stores
Websiteduckdb.orgwww.h2database.comnsdb.iowww.postgresql.orgpouchdb.com
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlnsdb.io/­Architecturewww.postgresql.org/­docspouchdb.com/­guides
DeveloperThomas MuellerPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerApache Software Foundation
Initial release2018200520171989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2012
Current release1.0.0, June 20242.2.220, July 202316.4, August 20247.1.1, June 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoBSDOpen Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaJava, ScalaCJavaScript
Server operating systemsserver-lessAll OS with a Java VMLinux
macOS
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes: int, bigint, decimal, stringyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesyes infovia views
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesSQL-like query languageyes infostandard with numerous extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC
HTTP REST
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP REST infoonly for PouchDB Server
JavaScript API
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
JavaJava
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
JavaScript
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.View functions in JavaScript
Triggersnoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding infowith a proxy-based framework, named couchdb-lounge
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication infoalso with CouchDB databases
Source-replica replication infoalso with CouchDB databases
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesUsing Apache Luceneyesyes infoby using IndexedDB, WebSQL or LevelDB as backend
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
DuckDBH2NSDbPostgreSQLPouchDB
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PASS Data Community Summit
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