DBMS > DuckDB vs. H2 vs. IBM Cloudant vs. NSDb vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. H2 vs. IBM Cloudant vs. NSDb vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Database as a Service offering based on Apache CouchDB

Scalable, High-performance Time Series DBMS designed for Real-time Analytics on top of Kubernetes

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

Primary database model

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	5.61
Rank	#60	Overall
	#34	Relational DBMS

Score	7.57
Rank	#47	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	2.85
Rank	#95	Overall
	#18	Document stores

Score	0.00
Rank	#385	Overall
	#40	Time Series DBMS

Score	644.36
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Website

duckdb.org

www.h2database.com

www.ibm.com/products/cloudant

nsdb.io

www.postgresql.org

Technical documentation

duckdb.org/docs

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

cloud.ibm.com/docs/Cloudant

nsdb.io/Architecture

www.postgresql.org/docs

Developer

Thomas Mueller

IBM, Apache Software Foundation

IBM acquired Cloudant in February 2014

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

Initial release

2018

2005

2010

2017

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

Current release

1.0.0, June 2024

2.2.220, July 2023

16.4, August 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

BSD

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

Erlang

Java, Scala

Server operating systems

server-less

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

Linux
macOS

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes: int, bigint, decimal, string

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like query language

yes

standard with numerous extensions

APIs and other access methods

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

gRPC
HTTP REST
WebSocket

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

Supported programming languages

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

Java

C#
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby

Java
Scala

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

View functions (Map-Reduce) in JavaScript

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

atomic operations within a document possible

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Optimistic locking

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Using Apache Lucene

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users can be defined per database

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

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Conferences, events and webinars

more DBMS events

PASS Data Community Summit
Seattle, Washington, 4-8 November 2024

Recent citations in the news

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My First Billion (of Rows) in DuckDB
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12 September 2024, Phoronix

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