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DBMS > DuckDB vs. H2 vs. H2GIS vs. MarkLogic vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. H2 vs. H2GIS vs. MarkLogic vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonH2GIS  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Spatial extension of H2Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSSpatial DBMSDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.68
Rank#76  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score8.22
Rank#50  Overall
#32  Relational DBMS
Score0.05
Rank#372  Overall
#7  Spatial DBMS
Score6.50
Rank#56  Overall
#10  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#5  Search engines
Score645.05
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgwww.h2database.comwww.h2gis.orgwww.marklogic.comwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlwww.h2gis.org/­docs/­homedocs.marklogic.comwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperThomas MuellerCNRSMarkLogic Corp.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release20182005201320011989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release0.10, February 20242.2.220, July 202311.0, December 202216.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoLGPL 3.0commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageC++JavaJavaC++C
Server operating systemsserver-lessAll OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesyesyes infoSQL92yes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
JavaJavaC
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyes infobased on H2yes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersnoyesyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenoneShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes infobased on H2yesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyesyes, with Range Indexesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infobased on H2Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
DuckDBH2H2GISMarkLogicPostgreSQL
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