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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Sqrrl vs. Teradata

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Sqrrl vs. Teradata

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonSqrrl  Xexclude from comparisonTeradata  Xexclude from comparison
Sqrrl has been acquired by Amazon and became a part of Amazon Web Services. It has been removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineFully managed big data interactive analytics platformAdaptable, secure NoSQL built on Apache AccumuloA hybrid cloud data analytics software platform (Teradata Vantage)
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score0.61
Rank#240  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score45.33
Rank#21  Overall
#15  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgwww.graphengine.ioazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorersqrrl.comwww.teradata.com
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docswww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.teradata.com
DeveloperMicrosoftMicrosoftAmazon infooriginally Sqrrl Data, Inc.Teradata
Initial release20182010201920121984
Current release0.10, February 2024cloud service with continuous releasesTeradata Vantage 1.0 MU2, January 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++.NET and CJava
Server operating systemsserver-less.NEThostedLinuxhosted
Linux
Data schemeyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesyes infoJoin-index to prejoin tables, aggregate index, sparse index, hash index
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetnoyes infoSQL 2016 + extensions
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP APIMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Accumulo Shell
Java API
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
.NET Client API
HTTP REST
JDBC
JMS Adapter
ODBC
OLE DB
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Actionscript
C infousing GLib
C#
C++
Cocoa
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
C
C++
Cobol
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
Perl
PL/1
Python
R
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rnoyes infoUDFs, stored procedures, table functions in parallel
Triggersnonoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioningSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding infomaking use of HadoopSharding infoHashing
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.selectable replication factor infomaking use of HadoopMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoDocument store kept consistent with combination of global timestamping, row-level transactions, and server-side consistency resolution.Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoAtomic updates per row, document, or graph entityACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAzure Active Directory AuthenticationCell-level Security, Data-Centric Security, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
DuckDBGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerSqrrlTeradata
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