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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. SAP IQ vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. SAP IQ vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonSAP IQ infoformer name: Sybase IQ  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerColumnar RDBMS optimized for Big Data analyticsSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn-orientedRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score2.75
Rank#104  Overall
#53  Relational DBMS
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgcloud.google.com/­spannerazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.sap.com/­products/­technology-platform/­sybase-iq-big-data-management.htmlspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlhelp.sap.com/­docs/­SAP_IQspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftSAP, formerly SybaseApache Software Foundation
Initial release20182017201019942014
Current release0.10, February 2024V1216.1 SPS04, April 20193.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++Scala
Server operating systemsserver-lesshostedhostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyesSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoTransact SQLyesno
Triggersnonoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingshared disk or shared nothing architectures with SAP IQ Multiplexeryes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes, with always 3 replicas availableSAP/Sybase Replication Servernone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud DataflownoHadoop integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnonono
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
DuckDBGoogle Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureSAP IQ infoformer name: Sybase IQSpark SQL
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