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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. OpenSearch vs. PostgreSQL vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. OpenSearch vs. PostgreSQL vs. TypeDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonOpenSearch  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.A distributed, RESTful search and analytics engine forked from Elasticsearch and based on Apache LuceneWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLTypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Search engineRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Graph DBMS
Relational DBMS infoOften described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.
Secondary database modelsVector DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score16.03
Rank#37  Overall
#4  Search engines
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.70
Rank#230  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#106  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgcloud.google.com/­bigtablegithub.com/­opensearch-project
opensearch.org
www.postgresql.orgtypedb.com
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docscloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsopensearch.org/­docs/­latestwww.postgresql.org/­docstypedb.com/­docs
DeveloperGoogleAmazon Web ServicesPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerVaticle
Initial release2018201520211989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2016
Current release1.0.0, June 20242.5.0, January 202316.3, May 20242.26.3, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
  • STACKIT OpenSearch offers OpenSearch in a managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant, for a wide range of applications like analytics, website search, offering scalability and fast data access.
  • Aiven for OpenSearch: Fully managed open source search and analytics suite. Out-of-the-box integrations get you up and running in a couple of clicks.
  • Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
  • PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageC++JavaCJava
Server operating systemsserver-lesshostedAll OS with a Java VMFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesnoyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoSQL-like query languageyes infostandard with numerous extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby infoElasticsearch client
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersnonoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding infoby using Cassandra
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication infoby using Cassandra
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnoyes infoby using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Eventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesno infosubstituted by the relationship feature
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDAtomic single-row operationsnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnonono
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progress
More information provided by the system vendor
DuckDBGoogle Cloud BigtableOpenSearchPostgreSQLTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
Specific characteristicsOpenSearch is a highly scalable and extensible open-source software suite for search,...
» more
TypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more
Competitive advantagesDistributed as fully open source under Apache License, Version 2.0 (ALv2), OpenSearch...
» more
TypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more
Typical application scenariosThe OpenSearch platform is used across a broad range of search , analytics, and observability...
» more
Life sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsThe OpenSearch Project offers open source software licensed under Apache License...
» more
Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more

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3rd partiesAiven for OpenSearch: Fully managed open source search and analytics suite. Out-of-the-box integrations get you up and running in a couple of clicks.
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Redgate webinars: A series of key topics for new PostgreSQL users.
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CYBERTEC is your professional partner in PostgreSQL topics for over 20 years. As our main aim is to be your single-source all-in-one IT service provider, we offer a wide range of products and services. Visit our website for more details.
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pgDash: In-Depth PostgreSQL Monitoring.
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Navicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for PostgreSQL and many other database management systems.
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Navicat for PostgreSQL is an easy-to-use graphical tool for PostgreSQL database development.
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More resources
DuckDBGoogle Cloud BigtableOpenSearchPostgreSQLTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
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