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DBMS > dBASE vs. DuckDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Kinetica vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison dBASE vs. DuckDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Kinetica vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NamedBASE  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonKinetica  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptiondBase was one of the first databases with a development environment on PC's. Its latest version dBase V is still sold as dBase classic, which needs a DOS Emulation. The up-to-date product is dBase plus.An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Fully vectorized database across both GPUs and CPUsA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score9.70
Rank#44  Overall
#28  Relational DBMS
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score0.66
Rank#234  Overall
#107  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.dbase.comduckdb.orgcloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.kinetica.comgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationwww.dbase.com/­support/­knowledgebaseduckdb.org/­docscloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsdocs.kinetica.com
DeveloperAsthon TateGoogleKinetica8Kdata
Initial release19792018201520122016
Current releasedBASE 2019, 20190.10, February 20247.1, August 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C, C++Java
Server operating systemsDOS infodBase Classic
Windows infodBase Pro
server-lesshostedLinuxAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesnoSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsnone infoThe IDE can access other DBMS or ODBC-sources.Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesdBase proprietary IDEC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresno infoThe IDE can access stored procedures in other database systems.nonouser defined functions
Triggersnononoyes infotriggers when inserted values for one or more columns fall within a specified rangeno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneShardingShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnonenoneInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesSource-replica replicationSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infonot for dBase internal data, but IDE does support transactions when accessing external DBMSACIDAtomic single-row operationsnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes infoGPU vRAM or System RAM
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and rolesnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users and roles on table levelAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
dBASEDuckDBGoogle Cloud BigtableKineticaToroDB
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