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DBMS > dBASE vs. DuckDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Immudb vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison dBASE vs. DuckDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Immudb vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NamedBASE  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptiondBase was one of the first databases with a development environment on PC's. Its latest version dBase V is still sold as dBase classic, which needs a DOS Emulation. The up-to-date product is dBase plus.An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Key-value storeDocument store
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score9.70
Rank#44  Overall
#28  Relational DBMS
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score0.31
Rank#295  Overall
#42  Key-value stores
Websitewww.dbase.comduckdb.orgcloud.google.com/­bigtablegithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
github.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationwww.dbase.com/­support/­knowledgebaseduckdb.org/­docscloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsdocs.immudb.io
DeveloperAsthon TateGoogleCodenotary8Kdata
Initial release19792018201520202016
Current releasedBASE 2019, 20191.0.0, June 20241.2.3, April 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++GoJava
Server operating systemsDOS infodBase Classic
Windows infodBase Pro
server-lesshostedBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesnoSQL-like syntax
APIs and other access methodsnone infoThe IDE can access other DBMS or ODBC-sources.Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Supported programming languagesdBase proprietary IDEC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresno infoThe IDE can access stored procedures in other database systems.nonono
Triggersnonononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneShardingShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnonenoneInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infonot for dBase internal data, but IDE does support transactions when accessing external DBMSACIDAtomic single-row operationsACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and rolesnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users and roles

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More resources
dBASEDuckDBGoogle Cloud BigtableImmudbToroDB
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