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DBMS > DuckDB vs. FoundationDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. mSQL

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. FoundationDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. mSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonmSQL infoMini SQL  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Microsofts flagship relational DBMSmSQL (Mini SQL) is a simple and lightweight RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score1.27
Rank#169  Overall
#76  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orggithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverhughestech.com.au/­products/­msql
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsapple.github.io/­foundationdblearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-server
DeveloperFoundationDBMicrosoftHughes Technologies
Initial release2018201319891994
Current release1.0.0, June 20246.2.28, November 2020SQL Server 2022, November 20224.4, October 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial infofree licenses can be provided
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageC++C++C++C
Server operating systemsserver-lessLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyessupported in specific SQL layer onlyyesA subset of ANSI SQL is implemented infono subqueries, aggregate functions, views, foreign keys, triggers
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
C
C++
Delphi
Java
Perl
PHP
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoin SQL-layer onlyTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javano
Triggersnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyesyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Editionnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate Consistencynone
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoin SQL-layer onlyyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesno
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnonofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
DuckDBFoundationDBMicrosoft SQL ServermSQL infoMini SQL
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