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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Firebird vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Rockset

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Firebird vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Rockset

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonFirebird  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonRockset  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSFirebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBaseAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.Microsofts flagship relational DBMSA scalable, reliable search and analytics service in the cloud, built on RocksDB
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Relational DBMS
Search engine
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score20.50
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score0.31
Rank#295  Overall
#42  Key-value stores
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score0.82
Rank#212  Overall
#36  Document stores
Websiteduckdb.orgwww.firebirdsql.orggithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
www.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverrockset.com
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docswww.firebirdsql.org/­en/­reference-manualsdocs.immudb.iolearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocs.rockset.com
DeveloperFirebird FoundationCodenotaryMicrosoftRockset
Initial release20182000 infoAs fork of Borland's InterBase202019892019
Current release1.0.0, June 20245.0.0, January 20241.2.3, April 2022SQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoInitial Developer's Public LicenseOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageC++C and C++GoC++C++
Server operating systemsserver-lessAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less infoFirebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows
BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesdynamic typing
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno infoingestion from XML files supported
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesSQL-like syntaxyesRead-only SQL queries, including JOINs
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC infoJaybird
ODBC
OLE DB
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
HTTP REST
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoPSQLnoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javano
Triggersnoyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneShardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationAutomatic sharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneSource-replica replicationyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Editionyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes infoFeatures a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writersyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoUsers with fine-grained authorization conceptfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and organizations can be defined via Rockset console

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More resources
DuckDBFirebirdImmudbMicrosoft SQL ServerRockset
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