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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Kdb vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Kdb vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonKdb  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.Google's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.High performance Time Series DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeKey-value store
Wide column store
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score13.64
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score7.71
Rank#49  Overall
#2  Time Series DBMS
#1  Vector DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgfirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databasecloud.google.com/­bigtablekx.comwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databasecloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docscode.kx.comwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014GoogleKx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plcPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release2018201220152000 infokdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 20031989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release1.0.0, June 20243.6, May 201816.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercialcommercialcommercial infofree 32-bit versionOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++qC
Server operating systemsserver-lesshostedhostedLinux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes infotable attribute 'grouped'yes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnonoSQL-like query language (q)yes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnolimited functionality with using 'rules'nouser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
TriggersnoCallbacks are triggered when data changesnoyes infowith viewsyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardinghorizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesSource-replica replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesno infosimilar paradigm used for internal processingno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Immediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyesAtomic single-row operationsnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnoyes, based on authentication and database rulesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)rights management via user accountsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
DuckDBFirebase Realtime DatabaseGoogle Cloud BigtableKdbPostgreSQL
Specific characteristicsIntegrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
» more
Competitive advantagesprovides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
» more
Typical application scenariostick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
» more
Key customersGoldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
» more
Market metricskdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
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Licensing and pricing modelsupon request
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DuckDBFirebase Realtime DatabaseGoogle Cloud BigtableKdbPostgreSQL
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