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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Stardog vs. TempoIQ

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Stardog vs. TempoIQ

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonTempoIQ infoformerly TempoDB  Xexclude from comparison
TempoIQ seems to be decommissioned. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationScalable analytics DBMS for sensor data, provided as a service (SaaS)
Primary database modelRelational DBMSSearch engineRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websiteduckdb.orgwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.stardog.comtempoiq.com (offline)
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docswww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.stardog.com
DeveloperElasticMicrosoftStardog-UnionTempoIQ
Initial release20182010201020102012
Current release0.10, February 20248.6, January 2023V127.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoElastic Licensecommercialcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentscommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaC++Java
Server operating systemsserver-lessAll OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno infoImport/export of XML data possibleno
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like query languageyesYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Serverno
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesTransact SQLuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javano
Triggersnoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureyesyes infovia event handlersyes infoRealtime Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyesyes, with always 3 replicas availableMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoES-Hadoop Connectornonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyes inforelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesMemcached and Redis integrationyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and rolessimple authentication-based access control

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More resources
DuckDBElasticsearchMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureStardogTempoIQ infoformerly TempoDB
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