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DBMS > DuckDB vs. EDB Postgres vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. EDB Postgres vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonEDB Postgres  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSThe EDB Postgres Platform is an enterprise-class data management platform based on the open source database PostgreSQL with flexible deployment options and Oracle compatibility features, complemented by tool kits for management, integration, and migration.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDB
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score1.90
Rank#135  Overall
#63  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgwww.enterprisedb.comcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.h2database.comhsqldb.org
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docswww.enterprisedb.com/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.html
DeveloperEnterpriseDBGoogleThomas Mueller
Initial release20182005201720052001
Current release0.10, February 202414, December 20212.2.220, July 20232.7.2, June 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercial infoBSD for PostgreSQL-componentscommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infobased on BSD license
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CJavaJava
Server operating systemsserver-lessLinux
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyes
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsJava, SQL
Triggersnoyesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning infoby hash, list or rangeShardingnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnonoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
DuckDBEDB PostgresGoogle Cloud SpannerH2HyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB
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