DBMS > Drizzle vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostgreSQL vs. SQLite vs. Trafodion
System Properties Comparison Drizzle vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostgreSQL vs. SQLite vs. Trafodion
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| Name | Drizzle Xexclude from comparison | Microsoft Azure Data Explorer Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | SQLite Xexclude from comparison | Trafodion Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Drizzle has published its last release in September 2012. The open-source project is discontinued and Drizzle is excluded from the DB-Engines ranking. | Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | MySQL fork with a pluggable micro-kernel and with an emphasis of performance over compatibility. | Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform | Widely used open source RDBMS  Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS | Transactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS column oriented | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Document store If a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types/dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell Event Store this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)Spatial DBMS Search engine support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engineTime Series DBMS see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer | www.postgresql.org | www.sqlite.org | trafodion.apache.org | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer | www.postgresql.org/docs | www.sqlite.org/docs.html | trafodion.apache.org/documentation.html | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | Drizzle project, originally started by Brian Aker | Microsoft | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | Dwayne Richard Hipp | Apache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2008 | 2019 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 2000 | 2014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 7.2.4, September 2012 | cloud service with continuous releases | 16.3, May 2024 | 3.46.0 (23 May 2024), May 2024 | 2.3.0, February 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source GNU GPL | commercial | Open Source BSD | Open Source Public Domain | Open Source Apache 2.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | yes | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Implementation language | C++ | C | C | C++, Java | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | FreeBSD Linux OS X | hosted | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | server-less | Linux | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | yes | Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic) | yes | yes dynamic column types | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types | yes | yes not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept. | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | yes | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | no | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes | all fields are automatically indexed | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | yes with proprietary extensions | Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset | yes standard with numerous extensions | yes SQL-92 is not fully supported | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | JDBC | Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS) RESTful HTTP API | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | ADO.NET inofficial driver JDBC inofficial driverODBC inofficial driver | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | C C++ Java PHP | .Net Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) PowerShell Python R | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | Actionscript Ada Basic C C# C++ D Delphi Forth Fortran Haskell Java JavaScript Lisp Lua MatLab Objective-C OCaml Perl PHP PL/SQL Python R Ruby Scala Scheme Smalltalk Tcl | All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | no | Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | no | Java Stored Procedures | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | no hooks for callbacks inside the server can be used. | yes see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy | yes | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding | Sharding Implicit feature of the cloud service | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | none | Sharding | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Multi-source replication Source-replica replication | yes Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant. | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | none | yes, via HBase | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark | no | no | yes via user defined functions and HBase | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | yes | no | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID | no | ACID | ACID | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes via file-system locks | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | no | no | yes | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | Pluggable authentication mechanisms e.g. LDAP, HTTP | Azure Active Directory Authentication | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | no | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 3rd parties | Redgate webinars: A series of key topics for new PostgreSQL users.
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| Drizzle | Microsoft Azure Data Explorer | PostgreSQL | SQLite | Trafodion | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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