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DBMS > Dgraph vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. RDF4J vs. SAP HANA

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. RDF4J vs. SAP HANA

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonSAP HANA  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used in-process key-value storeRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.In-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud service
Primary database modelGraph DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
RDF storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score44.69
Rank#22  Overall
#16  Relational DBMS
Websitedgraph.iowww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlrdf4j.orgwww.sap.com/­products/­hana.html
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docslearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmlrdf4j.org/­documentationhelp.sap.com/­hana
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.MicrosoftOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.SAP
Initial release20161989199420042010
Current releaseSQL Server 2022, November 202218.1.40, May 20202.0 SPS07 (AprilĀ 4, 2023), April 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infocommercial license availableOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono infoalso available as a cloud based service
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageGoC++C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)Java
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Appliance or cloud-service
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeyes infoRDF Schemasyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availablenoyes
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) JavanoyesSQLScript, R
Triggersnoyesyes infoonly for the SQL APIyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyestables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationnonenoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via Raftyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replicationnoneyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnonoyes

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More resources
DgraphMicrosoft SQL ServerOracle Berkeley DBRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameSAP HANA
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