DBMS > Dgraph vs. jBASE vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostgreSQL vs. Riak TS

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. jBASE vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostgreSQL vs. Riak TS

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

A robust multi-value DBMS comprising development tools and middleware

Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

Riak TS is a distributed NoSQL database optimized for time series data and based on Riak KV

Primary database model

column oriented

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Time Series DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

If a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types/dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store

this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	1.41
Rank	#159	Overall
	#3	Multivalue DBMS

Score	4.38
Rank	#77	Overall
	#41	Relational DBMS

Score	645.54
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Score	0.20
Rank	#319	Overall
	#27	Time Series DBMS

Website

dgraph.io

www.rocketsoftware.com/products/rocket-multivalue-application-development-platform/rocket-jbase

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

www.postgresql.org

Technical documentation

dgraph.io/docs

docs.rocketsoftware.com/bundle?labelkey=jbase_5.9

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

www.postgresql.org/docs

www.tiot.jp/riak-docs/riak/ts/latest

Developer

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Rocket Software (formerly Zumasys)

Microsoft

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

Open Source, formerly Basho Technologies

Initial release

2016

1991

2019

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

2015

Current release

5.7

cloud service with continuous releases

16.3, May 2024

3.0.0, September 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

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Implementation language

Erlang

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

AIX
Linux
Windows

hosted

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

Linux
OS X

Data scheme

schema-free

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

optional

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

restricted

SQL

Support of SQL

Embedded SQL for jBASE in BASIC

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

yes

standard with numerous extensions

yes, limited

APIs and other access methods

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API
SOAP-based API

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

HTTP API
Native Erlang Interface

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
Basic
Jabbascript
Java

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

unofficial client library
C#
C++

unofficial client library
Clojure

unofficial client library
Dart

unofficial client library
Erlang
Go

unofficial client library
Groovy

unofficial client library
Haskell

unofficial client library
Java
JavaScript

unofficial client library
Lisp

unofficial client library
Perl

unofficial client library
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

unofficial client library
Smalltalk

unofficial client library

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Erlang

Triggers

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

yes

pre-commit hooks and post-commit hooks

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Synchronous replication via Raft

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

selectable replication factor

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

links between datasets can be stored

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Planned for future releases

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

Azure Active Directory Authentication

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

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