DBMS > Dgraph vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NuoDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. TerminusDB
System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NuoDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. TerminusDB
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Name | Dgraph Xexclude from comparison | Microsoft Azure Data Explorer Xexclude from comparison | NuoDB Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | TerminusDB former name was DataChemist Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS | Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform | NuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactions | Widely used open source RDBMS Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | Scalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary database model | Graph DBMS | Relational DBMS column oriented | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Graph DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary database models | Document store If a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types/dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell Event Store this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps) Spatial DBMS Search engine support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine Time Series DBMS see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache Age Spatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | Document store RDF store | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Website | dgraph.io | azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer | www.3ds.com/nuodb-distributed-sql-database | www.postgresql.org | terminusdb.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Technical documentation | dgraph.io/docs | docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer | doc.nuodb.com | www.postgresql.org/docs | terminusdb.github.io/terminusdb/# | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Developer | Dgraph Labs, Inc. | Microsoft | Dassault Systèmes originally NuoDB, Inc. | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | DataChemist Ltd. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial release | 2016 | 2019 | 2013 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current release | cloud service with continuous releases | 16.3, May 2024 | 11.0.0, January 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source Apache 2.0 | commercial | commercial limited edition free | Open Source BSD | Open Source GPL V3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | yes | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Implementation language | Go | C++ | C | Prolog, Rust | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server operating systems | Linux OS X Windows | hosted | hosted Amazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer Linux OS X Windows | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | Linux | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data scheme | schema-free | Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic) | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | yes | no | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary indexes | yes | all fields are automatically indexed | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SQL Support of SQL | no | Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset | yes | yes standard with numerous extensions | SQL-like query language (WOQL) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
APIs and other access methods | GraphQL query language gRPC (using protocol buffers) API HTTP API | Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS) RESTful HTTP API | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | OWL RESTful HTTP API WOQL (Web Object Query Language) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Supported programming languages | C# C++ Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python Ruby | .Net Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) PowerShell Python R | .Net C C++ Go Java JavaScript JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python Ruby | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBC JavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | JavaScript Python | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server-side scripts Stored procedures | no | Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R | Java, SQL | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triggers | no | yes see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | yes | Sharding Implicit feature of the cloud service | data is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/written | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | Graph Partitioning | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Synchronous replication via Raft | yes Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant. | yes Managed transparently by NuoDB | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | Journaling Streams | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency | Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | no | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID | no | ACID tunable commit protocol | ACID | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes MVCC | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes in-memory journaling | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | no | yes Temporary table | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
User concepts Access control | no Planned for future releases | Azure Active Directory Authentication | Standard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Users | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | Role-based access control | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Dgraph | Microsoft Azure Data Explorer | NuoDB | PostgreSQL | TerminusDB former name was DataChemist | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DB-Engines blog posts | Meet some database management systems you are likely to hear more about in the future | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023 Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Conferences, events and webinars | Monitoring PostgreSQL with Redgate Monitor | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Recent citations in the news | Dgraph on AWS: Setting up a horizontally scalable graph database | Amazon Web Services Popular Open Source GraphQL Company Dgraph Secures $6M in Seed Round with New Leadership Dgraph Rises to the Top Graph Database on GitHub With 11 G2 Badges and 11M Downloads Dgraph Raises $6M in Seed Funding Dgraph GraphQL database users detail graph use cases provided by Google News | Azure Data Explorer: Log and telemetry analytics benchmark Providing modern data transfer and storage service at Microsoft with Microsoft Azure - Inside Track Blog Controlling costs in Azure Data Explorer using down-sampling and aggregation Introducing Microsoft Fabric: The data platform for the era of AI | Microsoft Azure Blog Individually great, collectively unmatched: Announcing updates to 3 great Azure Data Services provided by Google News | NuoDB Expands Community Edition to Support Elastic Scale-Out Dassault Systèmes Announces the Acquisition of NuoDB, a Cloud-Native Distributed SQL Database Leader Deploy the NuoDB Database in Docker Containers NuoDB set to improve distributed SQL performance Big Data Product Watch 1/31/17: No-Cost NuoDB, GPU Analytics, Cloud Object Storage, More -- ADTmag provided by Google News | Distributed PostgreSQL Buyers Guide Continuously replicate Amazon DynamoDB changes to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL using AWS Lambda | Amazon ... SolarWinds Unveils Enhanced Database Performance Analyzer with Advanced PostgreSQL Support ServiceNow trades MariaDB for RaptorDB (PostgreSQL) anynines Launches Quick & Easy PostgreSQL Management in Local Kubernetes Clusters with a9s CLI provided by Google News | How TerminusDB is commercializing its open source graph database TerminusDB Takes on Data Collaboration with a git-Like Approach Dublin-based data collaboration tool TerminusDB raises €3.6 million in seed round [MCR2030-CAMS-ARISE-UNDRR Webinar] Preventing cascading failures of critical assets: Using the Open-Source ... Trinity College spinout TerminusDB secures €3.6m in investment provided by Google News |
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