DBMS > Dgraph vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. RDF4J vs. SingleStore

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. RDF4J vs. SingleStore

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

MySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table type

Primary database model

Graph DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

RDF store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.39
Rank	#155	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	24.97
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	0.72
Rank	#222	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	4.02
Rank	#74	Overall
	#39	Relational DBMS

Website

dgraph.io

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

rdf4j.org

www.singlestore.com

Technical documentation

dgraph.io/docs

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

rdf4j.org/documentation

docs.singlestore.com

Developer

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Microsoft

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

SingleStore Inc.

Initial release

2016

2014

2004

2013

Current release

8.5, January 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

commercial

free developer edition available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

C++, Go

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Linux

64 bit version required

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

yes

but no triggers and foreign keys

APIs and other access methods

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Cluster Management API

as HTTP Rest and CLI
HTTP API
JDBC
MongoDB API
ODBC

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

Java
PHP
Python

Bash
C
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

JavaScript

yes

Triggers

JavaScript

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

Sharding

hash partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Synchronous replication via Raft

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

Source-replica replication

stores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

can define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculations

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

All updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log.

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Planned for future releases

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

Fine grained access control via users, groups and roles

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