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DBMS > Dgraph vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostgreSQL vs. Valentina Server

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostgreSQL vs. Valentina Server

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonValentina Server  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLObject-relational database and reports server
Primary database modelGraph DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score27.71
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.21
Rank#325  Overall
#144  Relational DBMS
Websitedgraph.ioazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.postgresql.orgwww.valentina-db.net
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docslearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticswww.postgresql.org/­docsvalentina-db.com/­docs/­dokuwiki/­v5/­doku.php
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.MicrosoftMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerParadigma Software
Initial release2016201420161989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL1999
Current release16.3, May 20245.7.5
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoC++C
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedhostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infoJSON typesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query languageyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
C#
Java
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C#
C++
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby
Visual Basic
Visual Basic.NET
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJavaScriptTransact SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes
TriggersnoJavaScriptnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding, horizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via Raftyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*nonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
DgraphMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehousePostgreSQLValentina Server
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