DBMS > Dgraph vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. RocksDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. RocksDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL database

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

A multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodes

Embeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)

Primary database model

Graph DBMS

Document store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store

as of version 7
Search engine

Relational DBMS

Document store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	5.92
Rank	#58	Overall
	#10	Document stores
	#1	Native XML DBMS
	#1	RDF stores
	#6	Search engines

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	2.95
Rank	#100	Overall
	#17	Document stores
	#17	Key-value stores
	#50	Relational DBMS

Score	3.65
Rank	#85	Overall
	#11	Key-value stores

Website

dgraph.io

www.marklogic.com

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.oracle.com/database/nosql/technologies/nosql

rocksdb.org

Technical documentation

dgraph.io/docs

docs.marklogic.com

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.oracle.com/en/database/other-databases/nosql-database/index.html

github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki

Developer

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

MarkLogic Corp.

Microsoft

Oracle

Facebook, Inc.

Initial release

2016

2001

1989

2011

2013

Current release

11.0, December 2022

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

23.3, December 2023

8.11.4, April 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Proprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)

Open Source

BSD

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

C++

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Windows

Linux
Solaris SPARC/x86

Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

Schema can be enforced

yes

Support Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

optional

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL92

yes

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API

Proprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

RESTful HTTP API

C++ API
Java API

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

via XQuery or JavaScript

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

Sharding

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Synchronous replication via Raft

yes

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Electable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table feature

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

via Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobs

with Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

can act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transaction

ACID

configurable

ACID within a storage node (=shard)

yes

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes, with Range Indexes

yes

off heap cache

yes

User concepts

Access control

Planned for future releases

Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levels

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

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