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DBMS > Dgraph vs. MariaDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NuoDB vs. RethinkDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. MariaDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NuoDB vs. RethinkDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonMariaDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonNuoDB  Xexclude from comparisonRethinkDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSMySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformNuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactionsDBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.
Primary database modelGraph DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS
Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score93.21
Rank#13  Overall
#9  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.89
Rank#198  Overall
#92  Relational DBMS
Score2.74
Rank#105  Overall
#19  Document stores
Websitedgraph.iomariadb.com infoSite of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org infoSite of MariaDB Foundation
azure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.3ds.com/­nuodb-distributed-sql-databaserethinkdb.com
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docsmariadb.com/­kb/­en/­librarydocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdoc.nuodb.comrethinkdb.com/­docs
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.MariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server) infoThe lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL
MicrosoftDassault Systèmes infooriginally NuoDB, Inc.The Linux Foundation infosince July 2017
Initial release20162009 infoFork of MySQL, which was first released in 1995201920132009
Current release11.3.2, February 2024cloud service with continuous releases2.4.1, August 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription availablecommercialcommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoApache Version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC and C++C++C++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows infoColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows
hostedhosted infoAmazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyes infoDynamic columns are supportedFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes infostring, binary, float, bool, date, geometry
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infowith proprietary extensionsKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesno
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C infocommunity-supported driver
C# infocommunity-supported driver
C++ infocommunity-supported driver
Clojure infocommunity-supported driver
Dart infocommunity-supported driver
Erlang infocommunity-supported driver
Go infocommunity-supported driver
Haskell infocommunity-supported driver
Java infoofficial driver
JavaScript (Node.js) infoofficial driver
Lisp infocommunity-supported driver
Lua infocommunity-supported driver
Objective-C infocommunity-supported driver
Perl infocommunity-supported driver
PHP infocommunity-supported driver
Python infoofficial driver
Ruby infoofficial driver
Scala infocommunity-supported driver
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infoPL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RJava, SQL
Triggersnoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesClient-side triggers through changefeeds
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesseveral options for horizontal partitioning and ShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicedata is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/writtenSharding inforange based
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes infoManaged transparently by NuoDBSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infonot for MyISAM storage enginenoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infonot for MyISAM storage enginenoACID infotunable commit protocolAtomic single-document operations
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoMVCCyes infoMVCC based
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infonot for in-memory storage engineyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes infowith MEMORY storage enginenoyes infoTemporary tableno
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory AuthenticationStandard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Usersyes infousers and table-level permissions
More information provided by the system vendor
DgraphMariaDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerNuoDBRethinkDB
Specific characteristicsMariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
» more
Competitive advantagesMariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
» more
Typical application scenariosWeb, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
» more
Key customersDeutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
» more
Market metricsMariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
» more

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DgraphMariaDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerNuoDBRethinkDB
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