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DBMS > Dgraph vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Postgres-XL vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Postgres-XL vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonPostgres-XL  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSBased on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster featuresA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelGraph DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score2.25
Rank#115  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score0.53
Rank#254  Overall
#117  Relational DBMS
Score0.18
Rank#332  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websitedgraph.iogithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.postgres-xl.orggithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docsgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverwww.postgres-xl.org/­documentationwww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.GoogleMicrosoftJuxt Ltd.
Initial release2016201119892014 infosince 2012, originally named StormDB2019
Current release1.23, February 2021SQL Server 2022, November 202210 R1, October 20181.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSDcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoMozilla public licenseOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoC++C++CClojure
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
Linux
macOS
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes infoXML type, but no XML query functionalityno
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyesyes infodistributed, parallel query executionlimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javauser defined functionsno
Triggersnonoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesnonetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationhorizontal partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via Raftnoneyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Editionyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACID infoMVCCACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesno
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
DgraphLevelDBMicrosoft SQL ServerPostgres-XLXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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