DBMS > Dgraph vs. Kingbase vs. PostgreSQL vs. Tkrzw

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Kingbase vs. PostgreSQL vs. Tkrzw

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

An enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

A concept of libraries, allowing an application program to store and query key-value pairs in a file. Successor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto Cabinet

Primary database model

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Key-value store

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.53
Rank	#152	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	0.50
Rank	#257	Overall
	#119	Relational DBMS

Score	636.25
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Score	0.07
Rank	#372	Overall
	#57	Key-value stores

Website

Technical documentation

dgraph.io/docs

www.postgresql.org/docs

Developer

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

BeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

Mikio Hirabayashi

Initial release

2016

1999

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

2020

Current release

V8.0, August 2021

16.3, May 2024

0.9.3, August 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C and Java

C++

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Windows

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

Linux
macOS

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

Standard with numerous extensions

yes

standard with numerous extensions

APIs and other access methods

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

C++
Java
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

horizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioning

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Synchronous replication via Raft

yes

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using specific database classes

User concepts

Access control

Planned for future releases

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

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