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DBMS > Dgraph vs. Immudb vs. Kingbase vs. PostgreSQL vs. TDengine

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Immudb vs. Kingbase vs. PostgreSQL vs. TDengine

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonKingbase  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTDengine  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.An enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLTime Series DBMS and big data platform
Primary database modelGraph DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score0.31
Rank#295  Overall
#42  Key-value stores
Score0.50
Rank#257  Overall
#119  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score2.68
Rank#106  Overall
#9  Time Series DBMS
Websitedgraph.iogithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
www.kingbase.com.cnwww.postgresql.orggithub.com/­taosdata/­TDengine
tdengine.com
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docsdocs.immudb.iowww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.tdengine.com
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.CodenotaryBeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerTDEngine, previously Taos Data
Initial release2016202019991989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2019
Current release1.2.3, April 2022V8.0, August 202116.3, May 20243.0, August 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoAGPL V3, also commercial editions available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoGoC and JavaCC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like syntaxStandard with numerous extensionsyes infostandard with numerous extensionsStandard SQL with extensions for time-series applications
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonouser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersnonoyesyesyes, via alarm monitoring
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesShardinghorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes
More information provided by the system vendor
DgraphImmudbKingbasePostgreSQLTDengine
Specific characteristicsTDengine™ is a next generation data historian purpose-built for Industry 4.0 and...
» more
Competitive advantagesHigh Performance at any Scale: TDengine is purpose-built for handling massive industrial...
» more
Typical application scenariosTDengine is designed for Industrial IoT scenarios, including: Manufacturing Connected...
» more
Market metricsTDengine has garnered over 22,500 stars on GitHub and is used in over 50 countries...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsTDengine OSS is an open source, cloud native time series database. It includes built-in...
» more
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