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DBMS > Dgraph vs. Immudb vs. Kingbase vs. OpenTenBase vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Immudb vs. Kingbase vs. OpenTenBase vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonKingbase  Xexclude from comparisonOpenTenBase  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.An enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.An enterprise-level distributed HTAP open source database based on PostgreSQLWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelGraph DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score0.31
Rank#295  Overall
#42  Key-value stores
Score0.50
Rank#257  Overall
#119  Relational DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#370  Overall
#156  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitedgraph.iogithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
www.kingbase.com.cngithub.com/­OpenTenBase/­OpenTenBase
www.opentenbase.org
www.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docsdocs.immudb.iodocs.opentenbase.org
docs.opentenbase.org/­en
www.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.CodenotaryBeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.OpenAtom Foundation, previously TencentPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release2016202019991989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release1.2.3, April 2022V8.0, August 20212.5, January 202416.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoBSD-3Open Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
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Implementation languageGoGoC and JavaC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux
Windows
LinuxFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like syntaxStandard with numerous extensionsyesyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
C
Go
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonouser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersnonoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesShardinghorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftyesyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
DgraphImmudbKingbaseOpenTenBasePostgreSQL
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