DBMS > Dgraph vs. IBM Cloudant vs. RDF4J vs. STSdb vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. IBM Cloudant vs. RDF4J vs. STSdb vs. TiDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Database as a Service offering based on Apache CouchDB

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Key-Value Store with special method for indexing

optimized for high performance using a special indexing method

TiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	2.68
Rank	#106	Overall
	#20	Document stores

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	0.04
Rank	#360	Overall
	#52	Key-value stores

Score	4.66
Rank	#70	Overall
	#38	Relational DBMS

Website

dgraph.io

www.ibm.com/products/cloudant

rdf4j.org

github.com/STSSoft/STSdb4

pingcap.com

Technical documentation

dgraph.io/docs

cloud.ibm.com/docs/Cloudant

rdf4j.org/documentation

docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable

Developer

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

IBM, Apache Software Foundation

IBM acquired Cloudant in February 2014

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

STS Soft SC

PingCAP, Inc.

Initial release

2016

2010

2004

2011

2016

Current release

4.0.8, September 2015

8.0.0, March 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Open Source

GPLv2, commercial license available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.

Implementation language

Erlang

Java

Go, Rust

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Windows

Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

primitive types and user defined types (classes)

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

APIs and other access methods

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

.NET Client API

GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C#
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby

Java
PHP
Python

C#
Java

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

View functions (Map-Reduce) in JavaScript

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

Sharding

none

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Synchronous replication via Raft

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

with TiSpark Connector

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

full support since version 6.6

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

atomic operations within a document possible

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Optimistic locking

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Planned for future releases

Access rights for users can be defined per database

Fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

TiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more

Competitive advantages

- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
» more

Typical application scenarios

TiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
» more

Key customers

Block, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more

Market metrics

34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

TiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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