DBMS > Dgraph vs. HyperSQL vs. LevelDB vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. Titan

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. HyperSQL vs. LevelDB vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. Titan

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.

Description

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

A multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodes

Titan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.

Primary database model

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Document store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	3.49
Rank	#87	Overall
	#47	Relational DBMS

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	2.95
Rank	#100	Overall
	#17	Document stores
	#17	Key-value stores
	#50	Relational DBMS

Website

dgraph.io

hsqldb.org

github.com/google/leveldb

www.oracle.com/database/nosql/technologies/nosql

github.com/thinkaurelius/titan

Technical documentation

dgraph.io/docs

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

docs.oracle.com/en/database/other-databases/nosql-database/index.html

github.com/thinkaurelius/titan/wiki

Developer

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Google

Oracle

Aurelius, owned by DataStax

Initial release

2016

2001

2011

2012

Current release

2.7.2, June 2023

1.23, February 2021

23.3, December 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

based on BSD license

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Proprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)

Open Source

Apache license, version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Solaris SPARC/x86

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Support Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

optional

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

RESTful HTTP API

Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Clojure
Java
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java, SQL

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

none

Sharding

yes

via pluggable storage backends

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Synchronous replication via Raft

none

Electable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table feature

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

yes

via Faunus, a graph analytics engine

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

depending on configuration

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graph

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

configurable

ACID within a storage node (=shard)

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

Supports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

off heap cache

User concepts

Access control

Planned for future releases

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

User authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Graph DBMS increased their popularity by 500% within the last 2 years
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