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DBMS > Dgraph vs. Hazelcast vs. Immudb vs. Kingbase vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Hazelcast vs. Immudb vs. Kingbase vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonHazelcast  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonKingbase  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSA widely adopted in-memory data gridAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.An enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelGraph DBMSKey-value storeKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoJSON support with IMDG 3.12Relational DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score5.46
Rank#61  Overall
#7  Key-value stores
Score0.31
Rank#295  Overall
#42  Key-value stores
Score0.50
Rank#257  Overall
#119  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitedgraph.iohazelcast.comgithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
www.kingbase.com.cnwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docshazelcast.org/­imdg/­docsdocs.immudb.iowww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.HazelcastCodenotaryBeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release20162008202019991989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release5.3.6, November 20231.2.3, April 2022V8.0, August 202116.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoJavaGoC and JavaC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infothe object must implement a serialization strategynoyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query languageSQL-like syntaxStandard with numerous extensionsyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
JCache
JPA
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infoEvent Listeners, Executor Servicesnouser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersnoyes infoEventsnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesShardingShardinghorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via Raftyes infoReplicated MapyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user infoRaft Consensus AlgorithmImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDone or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commitedACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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